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Most people don't like it
to spend time in a hospital,

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of course you will say, but perhaps you don't study
medicine like me and you don't have a doctor

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retired as an uncle. He knows everyone
and decided to help me choose the

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specialization. It's not a pill
morphine. And how he doesn't let it pass by

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all the sets of the greatest show
medical television in the history of

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of advanced search, even if the
My uncle's hospital practice is

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experimental.

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Robert is charming, come down again
more.

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It's really too late to sign up for
jurisprudence?

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Every moment millions of invaders there
they attack from every side.

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Only the immune system can
save us. Under normal circumstances the

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immune system works extremely well
and is able to defend us from a

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vast number of pathogens.

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Germs, parasites, viruses fly in
the air we inspire, swim in the water

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we drink and they can also transmit to us
sexually.

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Others induce the immune system to
turn against us and these are

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some of the results.

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In all this we have sex, we live
and we die. We don't need Elvis

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kidnapped by aliens. We have the
science fiction within us.

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Today we talk about the war inside
us, of how we fight the invader

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foreigner. Let's talk about immunology.

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The immune system is amazing,
because it is made by a group of cells and

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a group of proteins that work in
harmony, like the orchestra in a

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concert. And our task is to do in
so that this concert continues

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be orchestrated to perfection.

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Patients come to my office because
have allergic-type symptoms or

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symptoms that are related to
drug or poison related relationships e

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In infectious diseases, doctors
they deal with two different organisms. L

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the human organism and that of the microbe
invader.

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It's a level of complexity that I find
very interesting.

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Health! You don't need some exotic virus
to see an immunologist?

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When I had the flu I was out
fighting five days a week,

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week of each winter. I am
allergic to clothes, it's an allergy.

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like the one for bees. I had a fever
high from throat infection. Yes to me

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his neck swelled. I didn't eat, I didn't
I got out of bed. It was as if the eyes

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they wanted to shoot me out of my eye sockets.

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I was sick.

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The most common sign of an infection in
course is the fever.

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Viruses in particular, in some
bacteria, do not grow well on one

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of 38 -39 degrees as they do at 37.

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With the rise in temperature
body, thanks to the chemical supports of

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immune system, viruses and bacteria
they weaken and this allows the

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immune system to kill them with more
ease.

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This place is full of sick people.

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Who coughs, who sneezes, who
vomits.

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I'm thinking about getting the anti-vaccination
-flu. The immune system is

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like an army. The anti vaccine
-flu causes our

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even more ready to respond in case
of attack. These talks bring me back

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back in time.

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The screams, the moans, the anguish in the
eyes of the soldier who wonders if

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that will be his last time.

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Yes, you were in the army. Nell
the salvation army.

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Yes, gentlemen.

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December 1956,

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that Christmas made me a man.

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Ours is a security system
highly evolved, with white blood cells

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they patrol the veins.

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The most important cells used for
recognize the seda, not if, they are

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T lymphocytes or T cells.

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T lymphocytes have...

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A surface structure that uses the
biometric recognition method. In

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biometry we detect a fingerprint, the
we scan very quickly and

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we decide if the person knocking on the door is there
liked or not.

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The white blood cells rush forward
assault as soon as viruses penetrate

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'organism. T lymphocytes attack the
virus with deadly enzymes. Then they arrive

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B lymphocytes that create antibodies,
Y-shaped cells that make up the

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main weapon of the attack.

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Antibodies are specific for each
type of invader and block the virus in

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so that it does not infect other cells.

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But the real secret weapon is him.

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It is a macrophage. You can swallow a
entire virus and sweep all that away

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stay on the battlefield.

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There are chemicals or proteins that
the body produces and that I am capable of

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kill anything.

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Antibodies are very powerful.

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and that's what they had in mind
researchers when they invented the

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antibiotics. But nevertheless, the
Antibiotics don't do the same

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of antibodies.

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A feature of these
microorganisms is that they want to live and

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they react to any chemical substance or
antibiotic that is introduced into

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environment with the aim of harming them.

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They react by changing.

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The ability to mutate makes these
specific microorganisms of non-enemies

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so easy to get rid of. And more
we offer our tricks to the germs,

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they quickly adapt by reducing
the strength of antibiotics.

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Antibiotics, such as for a
sinusitis or an ear infection,

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used appropriately, they are
very useful tools. The immoderate use or

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unjustified, as I tell my parents
patients, makes a grenade out of it

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right time is perfect. He keeps it
on you for a long time and you don't need to pull it,

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in fact it explodes on you.

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In short, the abuse of antibiotics can affect you
lose an arm.

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Seriously, infections from
staphylococcus were once deadly and

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antibiotics made the
hospitals a sigh of relief.

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But when the bacteria developed
strains resistant to the antibiotic

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methicillin, hospitals have fallen
in a panic, because the only alternative

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was to eliminate infected tissue or
amputate them.

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Between infectious disease specialists and
immunologists, one was born some time ago

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successful collaboration he made
emerge an innovative infection on

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how to attack microorganisms
invaders.

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This is an effective combination
of drugs and specialists in the battle

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against infections.

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Do you have any idea of the number of things to which
can you be allergic?

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Soon a simple test to find out
foods that can kill you.

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The hospitals are full of sick people.

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I'm seriously thinking about getting high
vaccinate.

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Hanging around the labs, I realized
I realize that bacteria and viruses are not the

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only enemies from which I must guard myself. The
I can be my worst enemy

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Allergies erupt when our
body defends itself too much.

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Harmless things like dust, pollen or
foods are exchanged for

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invaders. Health!

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Allergy is a reaction to one
substance by the system

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majority of allergies are caused
by antibodies.

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One in particular, immunoglobulin
E, or IgE, is sometimes mistaken for dust

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an invader and unleashes a real attack
airplane.

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IgE adheres to the surface of
mast cells, which graft a sort of

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nuclear explosion, only instead
of radioactive fallout is fallout

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histaminic.

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Histamine is the chemical response of
the body to allergens.

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The release of histamine causes
leakage of water from blood vessels,

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they flood foreign bodies.

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It's as if we called emergency
intervention. The blood vessels open,

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many more cells and more blood attack
the foreign body which is perhaps an innop

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fragment of poles. And we already know what
it will happen later.

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Strong asthma attacks, sneezing
continuation. It itched me a lot.

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It's a kind of tickle in the throat and the
throat becomes very irritated. I start coughing

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until you suffocate. We don't know what
trigger this reaction. The dust, the

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of the neighbor, the neighbor.

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The test is needed.

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Now we will do some dermatological tests.

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Each drop contains an allergen
different.

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We apply the drops on the skin,
we prick the skin at that point and

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if any redness or blemishes appear
swelling.

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This proves that there are antibodies all
the allergen involved.

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Many drops of many are administered
different substances and you can see which one triggers it

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an allergic reaction in you.

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I have to attach a cube to her arm
ice.

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And then, believe it or not, there is also
the test for those who are allergic to cold.

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Every time I go out, especially if it does
cold or I jump into the water, appears there

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'rash.

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A red streak is forming,
therefore the reaction to cold is positive.

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This confirms what you noticed
during the winter days. Yes,

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in fact. We're all a little allergic
to winter, even in the true sense of

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word. She can take a
antihistamine before exposing yourself to the cold

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if this prevents...

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The allergic reaction. Or
move to Hawaii.

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Other more normal allergies are from
foods and can kill in some

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When it comes to food allergies it is
essential that the doctor does not

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affect the patient in any way.

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And to ensure this both doctor and
patient must ignore which food

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is administered.

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It's called a double-blind test.

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Uncle? Yes? Are you sure that... Ball of
person, can you hear me? Turn your head in

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direction of my voice.

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Is it good?

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Yes? Here, there's a little more. I'm
Coming in, is your mouth wide open?

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Bravo.

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Here, did it all fit in?

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More or less.

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Have you seen?

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We did the test. Is there still any?

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Doctors don't know why, but some
food allergies can be

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when histamine is uncontrollable.

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My eyes swelled up afterwards
eaten.

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I had eaten some pizza topped with i
pine nuts. After a few minutes I started

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I was panting and had trouble
breathing.

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These allergies cause an explosion
of stamina.

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You all swell and your heads become two
times bigger.

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The permeability of the
blood vessels. Then the water overflows

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from inside the jars filling the
surrounding tissues.

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Dying from peanuts is no fun. It is
the so-called anaphylactic shock. If the

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your throat swells like your face
you will never be able to meet this gentleman again

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breathe and die. And anything can happen
in a few minutes. The solution must

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be ultra rapid and some scientists
they recommend an injection like this.

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The cap is removed.

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And it is injected in the highest ed part
outer thigh. To the!

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It's a self-injection of epinephrine.

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Epinephrine counteracts the effects of
'Histamines very quickly.

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Returns inside the blood vessels
all the fluid that was produced.

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It's not therapy, but it gives you the
time to get to a hospital. Yes

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This has happened in the last ten years
a real boom in the number of

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allergies. One of the hypotheses is that the
our society is perhaps a little too much

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clean and our IgE are like
scaled down, no where

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nothing to do. IgE are antibodies
very powerful against the agents

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and they cause...

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An immune response that is capable
to destroy them completely.

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The hygiene hypothesis is based on
departure that we no longer live in one

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infested with parasites, but how much
human beings we are genetically

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programmed to cause parasites
are destroyed. People with allergies

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they are the healthiest in the third countries
world, because if you produce a lot of IgE

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no parasite resists, but IgE
they don't want to be unemployed.

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Some doctors criticize excessive use
of antibacterial soaps.

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Without pathogens to attack, the system
immune seeks other things from

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fight. Maybe we're there
sterilizing to death?

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We'll look at the immune system shortly
who learns different tricks and I who

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I decide whether to get vaccinated or not.

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I don't have food allergies.

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But learn how blood cells work
white and antibodies made me

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about the importance of being dirty.

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We all have immune systems, but
It's like a cold beer that doesn't come

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uncorked. Babies are born with the
immature immune system why not

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been exposed to many factors. They are born
with the so-called natural immunity,

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they get the antibodies from the mother and the
their cells know how to recognize things

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based on a long evolution.

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T lymphocytes and IgE must be exposed
to germs to learn how to identify them.

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Cells go to school too. Therefore
when you put it in your mouth as a child

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everything and do those things that your mother tells you
says don't do, in reality you are

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helping yourself.

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The first time we contract a
infection we get seriously ill. The

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once the exposure will be much less.
Because our immune system has

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learned and knows how to eliminate the agent
infectious.

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I think I should get the vaccine. In
basically I grew up in an environment

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clean. I didn't expose myself to
sufficiency.

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All this talk reminds me of
my first time in Bella Marina.

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The effort, the sweat, the germs that... E
all confined to one space

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so reduced. Filo, you have been in
Marina.

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Beautiful Marina.

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La Bella Marina is a restaurant.

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It's a miracle how many people there are
to cram into such a small place.

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If there's one thing that absolutely goes
our brain is protected.

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The immune system provides gods
bouncers filtering out creatures

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in our blood.

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This supersecurity is called a barrier
hematoencephalic and offers the absolute

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guarantee that the nervous system works
perfectly even if the organism is

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attacked by viruses.

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Unfortunately sometimes the immune system
turns against us.

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There are many autoimmune diseases where i
limpo cititi do not distinguish the if from the

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not if.

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Our own tissues are taken
for terrorist cells and not here

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friendly fire.

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We eat ourselves in the truest sense
word.

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I was diagnosed with lupus when
I was 21 years old. After a week, a

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because of the migrations, I had lost the
peripheral vision. What happens

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autoimmune diseases is very particular.
The organism, the immune system,

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they identify parts of our body as
invading agents, such as bacteria. E

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we become our own worst enemies
themselves. In the case of arthritis, the

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immune systems attack the cartilage of the
ligaments.

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In multiple sclerosis the cells
immune systems attack nervous ones and

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lupus attack in any part of the
body.

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And what does the immune system say? Me
I don't recognize you, we manufacture

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we manufacture T lymphocytes and destroy them.

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For autoimmune diseases such as lupus and
multiple sclerosis there is no cure. There are

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more results for HIV, where drugs
antivirals have lowered the rate

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mortality.

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When I came here at the beginning it was one
kind of clinical case.

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I had to take about 37 medicines a day
day.

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Now I take a dose of medication per
day, four pills. There's it

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blue, orange, white and a
'another and goes.

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HIV stands for immunodeficiency virus
human.

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It's not immune cells
attack viruses, but the virus ad

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them. They are viruses that reproduce with
extremely quickly and destroy ours

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defenders. This is the problem of
'HIV.

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Other T lymphocytes replace them, but
they too get infected.

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And finally our army comes
destroyed. There isn't even one anymore

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to defend ourselves against invaders. E
beat a cold to kill us.

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Medicines are mostly taken
for the purpose of weakening the virus or of

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be able to contain the level of
viral spread, allowing the

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multiply and make the
immune system.

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Get an HIV vaccine someday
it will be a huge achievement.

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They are currently still refining
the one for measles and mumps.

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In vaccines you take a small dose
of the virus that we want to fight and the

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puts it into circulation.

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The dose is so minimal that the system
immune system defeats it easily,

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thus creating the necessary antibody that
is set aside in case of a

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new attack.

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Dr. Ward needs a well escort
fed on viruses, so it grows them itself.

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Viruses grow in a couple of days.

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We culture them in tissue like
these or alternatively there

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we grow in a bioreactor.

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It's kind of a virus farm, only
that phenes grow into living cells.

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The red substance is the virus. Lo
they freeze in the liquid nitrogen it makes

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the cell walls. We're at minus 120
degrees in there.

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I bring the children here every now and then.
They throw in a carrot and there

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it crumbles into millions of fragments.

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The cell fragments are passed
to the centrifuge and subjected to different

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speed, until what remains
it is 100% the virus. The stalks of

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vaccines we are producing are possible
store for decades at minus 80 degrees

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in freezers like this one.

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It's one of the reasons we have it on us
the attention of the media, us and them

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other laboratories around the world.

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Because it is in laboratories like mine that
stocks of viruses are conserved which al

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Nowadays I'm...

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disappeared from the planet.

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That's why they stocked up
of Smallpox together and I hope for only two

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laboratories in the world.

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Smallpox, which caused in the 19th century
the death of approximately 500 million

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people, is now confined to this
freezer.

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Let's hope it never breaks down.

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Soon we will see that work is being done on basins
without lake.

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Now that I'm delving into immunology,
I understand that germs are everywhere.

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They are invisible, they are silent,
they can be deadly. But not only i

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I believe vaccines are considered
one of the most successful medical discoveries

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-scientific studies of all time.

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During the smallpox epidemic at the end
of the 18th century, a doctor named

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Edward Jenner discovered that milking machines
who had contracted smallpox

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they didn't get sick of each other.

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He collected serum samples from the
milking machines with the aim of immunizing

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people, but there were many doubts
because it was feared that he might do so

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grow breasts.

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Today we all practically accept it
idea of a vaccine, but not at all

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I like needles.

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Vaccines are administered at school
they inhale and a part of researchers do

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growing vaccines inside plants.

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If you can grow a plant
genetically modified, for example with

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influenza virus proteins,
then you can grow a whole one

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plantation and obtain antigens
from the plants themselves with savings

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Thus, the costs of vaccinations
they could be knocked down in a way

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definitely tangible.

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Soon I will be able to get vaccinated against it
'flu by drinking a smoothie.

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The fact of being able to produce
vaccines against many non-microorganisms

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necessarily means that it is one
good idea to destroy every form of

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trying to transform ourselves into human beings
completely sterile. But having them

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underwear soaked in antibiotics is fine
beyond the limit of what I consider

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acceptable.

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Some germs are very dangerous, but
others in small doses help the system

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immune. This was Hamlet
doubt that I had to resolve and I decided to

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help my immune system in
natural way.

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Of course others are a little more
orthodox when it comes to health.

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I haven't had a single flu
time.

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For three or four years now, ever since
I get the vaccine. I believe it is

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necessary to balance the use of
medicines and drugs with one...

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00:21:45,110 --> 00:21:49,350
A different lifestyle, eating
healthy, physical activity and taking care of ourselves

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themselves. Certainly the nutritional status
it is very important to maintain the

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healthy immune system.

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Those who do not have a protein intake
sufficient can deplete defenses.

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The body says we need more
proteins for the brain and for the

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Thus the immune system becomes the
poor relative and we take more

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infections. Remember the famous joke
if it doesn't kill you it strengthens you

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safe? I say...

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which applies perfectly to
infectious diseases and education

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immune system.

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Congratulations, you have the flu.

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Ogito, truly fearless soldier on the
fire line. Ah, all this

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of fearless and lines of fire. Yes it can
think about when you were a Marine, right?

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00:22:37,010 --> 00:22:41,050
Absolutely not. I don't even have the
dare to give me the flu.

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00:22:41,050 --> 00:22:42,350
I always get vaccinated, Robert.

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And I haven't taken anything for years, nothing.